Las diatomeas bentónicas como fuente de alimento en el cultivo larvario de camarón y otros organismos acuáticos.

Las diatomeas bentónicas como fuente de alimento en el cultivo larvario de camarón y otros organismos acuáticos.

Sylvia Leal 1 , Anselmo Miranda 2 , Rafael Curbelo 3 y Joicye Hernández 1 1 Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 No. 114, Playa, CP 11300, Ciudad Habana, Cuba 2 Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora (CESUES), Unidad Académica Navojoa, Carretera a Huatabampo y Periférico Sur, Navojoa, Sonora, México, 85800 3 Empresa Yaguacam, Grupo Empresarial para el Desarrollo del Cultivo de Camarón, Ministerio de la Industria Alimenticia, Km. 36½ Cienfüegos-Trinidad, Cienfüegos, Cuba. Email: sylvia@uh.cu y sleallorenzo@yahoo.es

Resumen.

La utilización de diatomeas bentónicas en la alimentación de moluscos es amplia sin embargo su empleo en la larvicultura de camarón es incipiente. Su importancia radica en que, además de que disminuye el costo operacional, produce postlarvas de excelente calidad. Se probó el cultivo de Navicula sp. y Amphora sp. hasta volúmenes masivos, con diferentes fertilizantes y formulaciones del medio Guillard. Se logró sustituir, total o parcialmente, el alimento artificial en postlarvas de Litopenaeus schmitti y L. vannamei. Las producciones algales en medio Guillard h resultaron muy buenas, así como con zeolitas. Para facilitar el cálculo de la concentración celular en centros productivos se probaron diferentes productos químicos para lograr desintegrar los grumos que forman, resultando el mejor el n-pentano a cualquiera de las proporciones ensayadas. La composición proximal de Amphora sp. cultivada en medio h muestra una especie de alto valor nutricional, que aporta un contenido lipídico significativamente superior de las otras formulaciones del medio Guillard y similar en cuanto a proteínas y carbohidratos. La microbiota bacteriana no tuvo diferencias para los diferentes volúmenes. Los productos exocelulares de las diatomeas bentónicas constituyen un potencial probiótico en estos cultivos.

Documento completo en el siguiente enlace.  cultivos-de-algass-diaytomeas-1

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